Clear, plain-language definitions of terms commonly encountered in Generative Engine Optimization, structured data, and AI search.
Optimization aimed at increasing the odds of being cited in systems where users get a direct answer to a question (Google's featured snippets, AI assistants). Considered a precursor to GEO; GEO extends AEO for generative AI models.
A Schema.org property that specifies which geographic regions a business serves. Can take values like "Istanbul Anatolian Side" or "Nationwide". Enables geographic matching in local AI searches.
Bots such as GPTBot (OpenAI), ClaudeBot (Anthropic), PerplexityBot, and Google-Extended that crawl web pages for LLM training or RAG. If not allowed in robots.txt, these bots can't access your site.
A concept used by AI and search engines to identify a real-world object (a business, person, or place). "Ahmet's Bakery" is an entity. NAP consistency and Schema.org reinforce this entity's unique identity.
A Schema.org type used to mark up question-answer pairs on a page. ChatGPT and Gemini use this structure directly as a citation source. At least 5 Q&A pairs are recommended.
Optimization work aimed at getting generative AI systems like ChatGPT, Gemini, Copilot, and Perplexity to recommend a business, product, or piece of content to users. Schema.org, llms.txt, FAQPage, and NAP consistency are the core tools.
Google Business Profile. The profile page that shows your business on Google Maps and local search results. Gemini refers directly to GBP data when answering local GEO queries. Photos, hours, services, and description fields should all be filled out completely.
An open protocol that instantly notifies Bing, Yandex, and other search engines of content changes. Once notified, search engines prioritize crawling the page. Since ChatGPT is believed to use Bing's index, IndexNow has a direct GEO impact.
A format used to embed Schema.org structured data in an HTML page via a <script type="application/ld+json"> tag. The method preferred by Google and AI engines over alternatives like Microdata or RDFa. Can be added without changing the page's visible content.
Google's database that stores real-world entities (people, businesses, places, concepts) and the relationships between them. Businesses marked up with Schema.org become more eligible to enter the Knowledge Graph, and AI models reference this graph.
A large language model trained on billions of parameters, such as ChatGPT (GPT-4o), Google Gemini, Claude, or Llama. GEO's ultimate goal is for these models to learn your business as a trustworthy source.
A plain-text file published at /llms.txt that gives large language models a summary of a website's content. The functional equivalent of robots.txt for LLM crawlers. Should include category, services, key pages, and contact information.
A Schema.org type used to describe local businesses with a physical address. Includes information like name, address, phone, hours, description, and service area. Breaks down into subtypes such as Restaurant, MedicalClinic, and LegalService.
The principle of keeping a business's name, address, and phone number identical, letter for letter, across Google, your website, social media, and all directories. NAP inconsistency prevents AI engines from determining which information is correct, reducing visibility.
An AI search engine that performs real-time web crawling and cites a source for every answer. Uses a RAG architecture; pages with Schema.org and llms.txt are more likely to be shown as sources.
An architecture where LLMs supplement their knowledge by searching current web sources (or a vector database) before generating an answer. ChatGPT's web search and Perplexity both use this method. Structured, citable content stands out in RAG.
A text file that tells web crawlers which pages they can and can't access. Without an Allow rule for GPTBot, ClaudeBot, PerplexityBot, or Google-Extended, these AI crawlers can't index your site.
A collection of structured data standards jointly created by Google, Microsoft, Yahoo, and Yandex. Makes web content machine-readable. Includes hundreds of types like LocalBusiness, FAQPage, BreadcrumbList, and Article. This is the technical foundation of GEO.
An XML file listing all pages on a website along with their last-updated dates. When submitted to Google Search Console and Bing Webmaster Tools, it speeds up page indexing, indirectly supporting AI visibility.
Search technology that understands user intent and the relationships between concepts instead of matching keywords. All modern AI and search engines use semantic search; topical coherence and entity clarity in content are critical in these systems.
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